Israel

Overview
Israel, located at the crossroads of Africa, Asia, and Europe, is a country rich in history, culture, and religious significance. Jerusalem, the capital, is a city steeped in ancient history and spirituality, home to key religious sites such as the Western Wall, the Dome of the Rock, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. The Old City of Jerusalem, with its narrow alleyways and bustling markets, is a UNESCO World Heritage site and a pilgrimage destination for Jews, Christians, and Muslims alike.
Tel Aviv, Israel’s second-largest city, contrasts with Jerusalem’s ancient heritage by offering a vibrant, modern atmosphere. Known for its beaches, nightlife, and Bauhaus architecture, Tel Aviv is a hub of culture, innovation, and youthful energy.
Israel’s diverse landscapes range from the fertile valleys and coastal plains to the arid Negev Desert in the south. The Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth, is famous for its therapeutic properties and unique buoyancy. The Sea of Galilee, surrounded by historic sites, is another key destination for visitors.
The country’s cultural diversity is reflected in its cuisine, which blends Middle Eastern, Mediterranean, and Eastern European influences. Dishes like falafel, hummus, and shakshuka are staples, and the country’s vibrant markets offer a sensory feast of flavors and aromas.
Israel’s small size belies its vast array of experiences, from ancient historical sites and religious landmarks to contemporary arts and outdoor adventures.

Israel's location, climate & geography
Israel is situated in the Middle East, bordered by Lebanon to the north, Syria to the northeast, Jordan to the east, and Egypt to the southwest. The country also has a coastline along the Mediterranean Sea to the west and the Red Sea to the south. Despite its small size, Israel's geography is remarkably diverse, encompassing coastal plains, mountain ranges, deserts, and fertile valleys.
The central and northern regions are marked by mountain ranges, including the Carmel and Galilee mountains. The eastern part of the country features the Jordan Rift Valley, which includes the Sea of Galilee, the Jordan River, and the Dead Sea. The Dead Sea, at approximately 430 meters below sea level, is the lowest point on earth and a popular destination for its mineral-rich waters.
The Negev Desert dominates the southern part of Israel, offering stark, rugged landscapes and unique geological formations such as Makhtesh Ramon, a large erosion crater.
Israel’s climate varies by region. The coastal areas, including Tel Aviv and Haifa, enjoy a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. The inland regions, including Jerusalem, experience a more temperate climate with cooler winters. The Negev Desert has an arid climate, characterized by very hot summers and mild winters.
The country’s geographic and climatic diversity supports a wide range of flora and fauna, and Israel is a key stopover for migratory birds. The natural beauty of the country, combined with its historical and cultural significance, makes Israel a unique and fascinating destination.

10 things to know when travelling to Israel
1. Religious Significance: Israel is home to key religious sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, making it a major destination for pilgrims and tourists alike.
2. Shabbat: From Friday sunset to Saturday sunset, the Jewish Sabbath (Shabbat) is observed, with many businesses and public transport services closing or operating on a limited basis.
3. Dead Sea: Experience the unique sensation of floating effortlessly in the salty waters of the Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth.
4. Kibbutz Life: Visit a kibbutz to learn about this unique form of communal living that played a significant role in the establishment of Israel.
5. Tel Aviv Nightlife: Tel Aviv is known for its vibrant nightlife, with a wide array of bars, clubs, and live music venues open late into the night.
6. Cuisine: Israeli cuisine offers a delicious mix of Middle Eastern and Mediterranean flavors, with must-try dishes like falafel, hummus, and fresh salads.
7. The Old City of Jerusalem: The Old City is divided into four quarters – Jewish, Christian, Muslim, and Armenian – each with its own distinct character and historical landmarks.
8. Masada: Visit Masada, an ancient fortress perched on a plateau overlooking the Dead Sea, known for its dramatic history and stunning sunrise views.
9. Technology Hub: Israel is often called the "Startup Nation" due to its thriving tech industry and innovation in fields like cybersecurity, biotech, and more.
10. Diverse Landscapes: Despite its small size, Israel offers a wide range of landscapes, from the lush Galilee region in the north to the stark Negev Desert in the south.

Last update July 2024